The working class in Pakistan is under attack. Inflation is rising out of control. The May inflation rate was officially over 13 percent and unofficially prices on key staples are rising at five to ten times that rate. Capitalism is utterly failing the working class, the crisis in Pakistan cannot be fixed, more war and fascism are on the horizon and the only way to combat it is by building the fight for communist revolution.We in Progressive Labor Party (PLP) are trying to give the working class leadership and courage to fight against all these evils that hold back the struggle for an international communist revolution.
The rise in inflation is being triggered around the world by the breakdown in capitalism. Beyond the official inflation rate, the prices of basic food staples in Pakistan are skyrocketing: tomatoes are up 125 percent, onions are up over 60 percent as is butter and cooking oil (Pakistan Today, 5/2). When basic necessities rise, the working class, which pays a huge part of their income toward staples, suffers inflation at an extremely high rate. In Pakistan the unofficial inflation rate is likely around 40 percent. More than 50 percent of the total population of Pakistan is living below the poverty line and it is increasing every day.  The unemployment rate in Pakistan has reached 25-30 percent. According to a report to the Senate Standing Committee on Planning and Development, 40 percent of Pakistan's youth are currently unemployed even though many of them hold professional degrees!
U.S. and Chinese bosses squeeze the working class in Pakistan
On top of this crisis the big imperialists are squeezing the working class even more. The Pakistani bosses are in danger of defaulting on their international debt. Both the U.S. and Chinese imperialists told the Pakistani bosses to get a bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). To appease the IMF, the government raised the price of fuel by over 33 percent and the IMF is still not satisfied and wants the price of electricity to go up by 50 percent (Financial Times, 6/3).
Within the Pakistani ruling class competing factions are nearly at war with each other and the ruling faction is terrorizing the working class to contain fightback against the worsening economic conditions and shut down the competing faction of bosses. Recently the government arrested hundreds of supporters of former president Imran Khan’s PTI party and banned Khan’s planned march on the capital (Reuters, 5/24).
This is leading to a division in the rank and file of the military establishment, civil bureaucracy and judiciary. The bosses are spreading fascism to curb the pro-working-class forces along with the supporters of Khan. Both factions of bosses are using different prejudices to keep the working class fighting with each other in the name of sectarianism, nationalism, racism and so-called political parties. Whenever the working class tries to forge a united struggle against exploitation and fascism the bosses use politicians to divide the working class on the basis of personality cults and other backward ideas.
The working class in Pakistan is caught in several inevitable crises of capitalism at once. Inflation was rising under the Khan government and has continued under the new bosses. The Chinese and U.S. bosses are competing to exploit Pakistan’s strategic position and their nuclear arsenal while bleeding the working class dry. The Pakistani bosses are at each other’s throats and are building violent racist and fascist movements to mobilize and control the working class. Reforms or better politicians won’t solve these problems. Only communist revolution and a society based on workers’ power will.
Workers must unite to smash capitalism
The working class is in search of basic food and shelter from severe weather conditions, but pro-capitalist misleaders are turning them against each other for their own interests. The working class in Pakistan is getting poorer everyday. They are deprived of basic necessities and can be prosecuted if they chant any slogan against the atrocities they are facing every day at work or at home. There are two groups of bosses fighting over the bones of the working class but both of them are against the working class. As for the middle class, it has for the most part been opportunist and has aligned themselves with both groups and supported imperialist interests by remaining in one party of capitalists or the other. They are also misleading the unions to serve the interest of the capitalist class. In the unions it is their duty to not allow poor workers to come forward and lead the real struggle for a classless society.
 The capitalists are controlling our lives; they decide our working conditions, wages and our future. Their economic policies are spreading poverty, exploitation, oppression, injustice and inequality. Their social policies are based on “divide and rule” which is why they are able to keep the working class deprived of every right to live happily. They are using fundamentalism, nationalism, sexism, sectarianism, racism and terrorism to keep workers silent.
 PL’ers in Pakistan are helping to break the chains  of our workers oppression link by link. We hope to lead our class brothers and sisters on the long march towards communist revolution. Join us!

Worldwide, the summer months are a time of training for Progressive Labor Party (PLP). As we gear up for a summer of learning, it’s helpful to reflect on past Summer Projects. The following article is a reprint from CHALLENGE in 1979.  

This issue, we look at the Tupelo Project of ’79. Lessons include:

• In the face of the Ku Klux Klan and the racist capitalist government, we must be bold and have confidence in the working class to take the lead of communists.
• Multiracial unity is our class’s weapon, and the bosses’ greatest fear.
• To sustain our gains, we must grow the Party and train more Black, Latin, Asian, and white young people in leadership.

Significance of Mississippi
To many who remember the Civil Rights movements of the 1960s, Mississippi symbolizes the most extreme racism, the most brutal murders of Black workers and antiracists, and the stronghold of the Ku Klux Klan.
For Progressive Labor Party, Mississippi signified a base for revolution among Black and white workers, spreading the ideas of multiracial unity and the fight for communist ideas in the South. Today, we celebrate the heroic struggle of the Tupelo Summer Project of ’79. About 100 communists and friends—Black, Latin, Asian, and white—took part in this struggle.
Though relatively small (population of 20,000), Tupelo was an industrial center with over 14,000 workers. The South was important to the ruling class as an industrial area because its carefully-nurtured tradition of racism made it the citadel of low-wage, non-union labor, where the bosses have been able to keep the working class divided and weak in order to extract extra profits.
The project showed that masses of white workers and students in Tupelo and throughout the South are winnable to antiracism.
Below is an edited excerpt from PL Magazine (Fall 1979) analyzing an aspect of the Tupelo Summer Project:
The great July demonstration
Sixty-five antiracist marchers, organized by Progressive Labor Party and its [then-mass organization] International Committee Against Racism (IlynCAR), were marching through the streets in Tupelo, Mississippi chanting, “Death to the Klan.”  
Shots rang through the air.
As the bullets grazed two marchers, , a disciplined group of people, Black and white, rushed out of line, isolated the racist who wielded the gun, and beat him to the ground. In the fight that ensued with this Klansman, or Klan supporter, the antiracists broke his neck. While this was happening, the marchers, maintaining a tight discipline that won them the respect of Tupelo’s working class, continued the march. The marchers, encouraged by the friendly faces that lined the streets and by the workers who joined the march, were able to withstand the menacing threat of the Tupelo police, who aimed their cocked guns at them.
From the start, it was clear that the racist local rulers wanted to stop this march. A new ordinance was created by the city government banning sound devices (in response to successful PLP-led rallies in the past). The police and their flunkies systematically tore down posters in the housing projects; and a permit for the march was not granted until the very last minute.
As the march gathered in front of the courthouse, the bosses’ seat of power, a militant rally began, attracting a lot of people in the area who joined in chanting, “The cops, the courts, the Ku Klux Klan, all a part of the bosses’ plan.”
‘Before I was scared, now I’m mad’
Many militant workers in Tupelo have come to see InCAR as the main mass organization that can lead workers in the fight against racism and the resurgence of fascist groups like the Klan. One Black woman worker said, “Before I was scared, but now I’m mad.” This represents the feeling of many people here, that there is no longer the luxury to sit back and watch the ruling class and its flunkies hold power, that they have to get active and build a movement that has as its goal the destruction of the ruling class ideas of racism and fascism, and in the final analysis, the ruling class itself.
The political climate is changing rapidly in the South, and only groups like PLP are prepared to respond to the changes, to give leadership and organize the multiracial, antiracist fightback that is necessary to move workers to the left.
The United League, a Black reformist group, recently cancelled a march scheduled for Okolona (a town not far from Tupelo) today, because its leader Skip Robinson, essentially chickened out of the struggle. More and more people are realizing that the leadership of UL cannot stand up to the rigors of the class struggle.
Workers put themselves on the line
Respect for PLP was growing in Tupelo. Two residents of Tupelo put up their houses as collateral so that our comrade could be bailed out of jail. When the two marchers who had been wounded were treated in the hospital, they were warmly received and treated by white doctors and other hospital workers. After the march stopped to rally, hundreds of Black workers surrounded the marchers to protect them from the cops (who would have been only too glad to be trigger happy).
This was the first time a racist had been beaten by an antiracist march in Tupelo. The leadership of the UL had always guaranteed the safety of the KKK and the cops by holding back the anger and hatred of Black workers in the fight to liberate themselves from the racism they faced every day. The bosses always think that they can destroy a worker’s movement by getting its leaders, but little do they know that leaders always spring up in the midst of struggle. There were  many, many people right in Tupelo, and other cities North and South, and there still are today, who can develop as working-class leaders in the fight against racism and fascism, and they were and are being trained by Progressive Labor Party.
This was readily proven by the response not only of the marchers, in their determination to continue the march, not to be intimidated  by the cops’ harassment, but also by the tremendous support of the local people. Over 200 copies of InCAR Arrow and CHALLENGE were sold, 4 people joined InCAR on the spot. Another demonstration was planned on the spot.
The main lesson PLP learned in Tupelo, as everywhere, is to be bold. The bolder we were, the more seriously people took us and the more willing they were to respond to us. Workers understand that the system will come down hard when you try to fight it. They are also ready to understand that you only win on the offensive.

The time period is different, but there are still lots of lessons to take away. Let’s be bold at our annual summer project in New York and New Jersey this year from July 6—July 13! Contact your local PL’er or email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. for more info!

Fired for being a good teacher
This letter is to support a fellow comrade. A wonderful, bilingual, antiracist, high school teacher who has just been fired, not for doing his job poorly, but for doing his job extremely well!
The conditions that he teaches in are deplorable, racist and dangerous - made even worse since Covid-19.
• The school is severely understaffed.
Since September his rosters have changed like a revolving door, making consistency difficult, but he worked to create continuity by making home visits to make sure his students were OK.
During the pandemic, this caring communist teacher - a resident of Newark, and an immigrant, ORGANIZED his co-workers to:
• Collect and deliver food to students and their families, helping the school community to be more cohesive.
• Raised thousands of dollars for some families so that they could pay rent.
• Went to the airport to get the siblings of students who had been released from deadly detention centers.
• Regularly worked with a social worker to try to figure out how to help his students
He also volunteered after school for “the Big Blue Student Academy” which consists of 95 percent Black male youth who have been removed from their classes. This was important for him to find a way to learn from, and to build ties with these students who legitimately were angry.
• He organized an Amnesty International club so students could learn about imperialist war and racist borders, and that it’s never OK to kill our working-class brothers and sisters for the bosses.
He always had good evaluations, until the racist administration said this teacher did something they ruled as very dangerous. What was this dangerous thing? He REFUSED to allow students to be forced to remain outside in freezing temperatures waiting for the guards to show up. This communist teacher ushered his students into his classroom so they wouldn’t get sick. For this they put a letter in his file, and the district has now deemed this teacher as UNSATISFACTORY and he cannot be hired back into any school in the district.
PL’ers, coworkers and parents of this teacher’s students have been organizing to fight to get his job back – the working class needs him in the classroom; because as we move towards war and fascism these schools will turn into a larger fascist monster. Some students will be forced into the killing fields, while others, both immigrant and “citizen,” get swallowed up in the growing industrial prison complex feeding the same imperialist war machine.
Our number one job is to continue to follow the courageous example of this communist teacher:  Apply the ideas in CHALLENGE, use it to organize and STAND UP AND FIGHT BACK! Update: the teacher got his job back! Read all about it in the next issue!
*****
In fight vs racist shootings, demand multiracial fightback
Recently, two of us participated in the rally against mass gun killings at the courthouse in Hackensack, N.J.  The very positive aspect was that it was organized by a thoroughly multiracial group of students from several high schools in Bergen County. Many of them spoke about the fear most students and their loved ones have in the wake of the Uvalde, Parkland, and too many other massacres. They each called for action!  Sadly, the event was poorly attended by primarily white supporters. We are trying to meet with the leaders of this movement to encourage wide outreach to Black and Latin communities in the county. Recently , most of the victims of these vicious assaults have been Latin and Black.
Of course, our main task is to sharpen our efforts to explain to our expanding base that such depraved, racist assaults are caused by a decaying, murderous capitalist system.  Capitalism can be ended only when the working class takes the guns and turns them around to seize power. We can then build a communist society that stamps out all racist terror.
*****
Working-class liberation, not rainbow capitalism
I am finishing up my second year as a club advisor for my high school’s Gender and Sexuality Alliance (GSA). Initially I took on the role because a friend left who had been doing the job and it was a vibrant club with lots of student participation. I was also concerned about at-risk LGBTQ+ youth who relied on the club for support.
In my time as advisor I have been able to have regular meetings with up to 30 students, hold events in the cafeteria that involved the whole student body, and organize student-led meetings that tackle issues such as sexism, homophobia, and transphobia.
The club has helped me to develop deeper relationships with many students and introduce more of them to CHALLENGE newspapers. We have also created a club that promotes multi-racial, multi-lingual, and multi-gender unity with bilingual meetings.
It can be difficult walking the line between being supportive of students and not encouraging identity politics. However, the fight for unity and struggle with some student leaders over the need for unity have helped to bring out pro-student, pro-working class politics.
Since there are many activities in June for pride month, it has been particularly busy lately. While there are many LGBTQ identity-based flags that students embrace, I took the opportunity when putting up flags to include the Red Flag. This led to several good conversations when students asked what the flag represents. My response was “communism and working-class unity.”
I am looking forward to further discussions with students about how we, the working class, can make things better by building a communist movement.
*****
Chats at the rail: guns, laws, free speech all protected by capitalism
I’m a transit worker, and in light of the recent mass shootings, I’ve been having many discussions with my coworkers about their ideas and possible solutions.
In a group of four during our lunch one worker said,“We should just have armed guards at every school.”
 I said, “What’s gonna stop them from using the guns on the students? There’s already cases of unarmed security guards using  excessive force now.”
Another coworker, Dave, agreed by adding a case he read of where that happened. Another worker, Sam, said “It started with that shooter in Columbine, that started the ideology of shooting kids in schools.”
I mentioned that it’s the ideologies of hate that existed before him that he acted upon. We left and headed to clock out before we could finish. Next day during lunch, I continued the conversation with Sam.
 I told him,“This conversation about gun laws or armed guards is like treating the cough instead of the virus. It’s capitalism that needs racism and sexism, and women and Black, Latin and Asian workers seem to be the main targets of these shootings. Then in order to protect these ideas of murder in the media they call it ‘free speech.”
Sam, who is also an ex-marine, said “We have to have free speech cause if we don’t then the country could slip into a totalitarian state.”
I told him there are many examples of countries who have been able to make racism and prostitution illegal successfully and that not making racism legal wasn’t a factor in their downfall, for example, the Soviet Union and China.” We agreed to continue this conversation later after giving it some thought.
I’m finding many of my coworkers siding with protecting “freedom of speech.” This will be my focus in future discussions, on how we can have freedom of speech but not if it hurts the working class.
*****
The solution to capitalist gun violence
U.S. capitalism is the greatest producer and exporter of worldwide, racist terror and violence in history. It has been at war for 95 percent of its existence, committing genocide and slavery against Native American and African people while conducting colonial and imperialist wars. It has produced and exported guns, weapons, troops and drone strikes to protect stolen profits throughout its Empire of occupations with presently 800 military bases in over 100 countries.
Currently over 100 million refugees fleeing the mass destruction and slaughter from 60 U.S. wars since WWII are being subjected to racist harassment and accusations of terrorism from capitalist owned media. Recent U.S. racist massacres at an all Black shopping center in Buffalo, NY and at an all Latin school in Uvalde, Texas just this week are being blamed on the mentally ill but they are really the consequence of capitalism’s culture of violence to prepare their youth for war and profits. The same culture of violence is responsible for the millions, including veterans, who are homeless, living on the streets, or the 31 million without healthcare or the unemployed.
Capitalists are the real mentally ill. They have lost their humanity and have become sociopaths who rationalize that they are not responsible for their countries’ imperialist slaughters or numerous domestic rebellions opposing capitalist exploitation and violence against workers. These workers produce the very profits capitalist existence depends on and they also fight in capitalist wars against other workers. Democrats and Republicans pose as the people’s political voice, but both give 95 percent support for all war-funding legislation proposed by their capitalist masters.
The international working class can produce a prosperous living for our entire worldwide class without violence if we recognize the need to organize to end this capitalist system of inequality which uses violence for profits. Only an antiracist, antisexist, borderless culture achieved through communist revolution advocated by the Progressive Labor Party can accomplish that. It will be based on need, equality and a collective system that needs everyone and develops individual self-esteem, confidence in the collective and working class, respect for the needs of others and the satisfaction of being able to contribute our own innovations to help others and create a better world. Join us!

*****

This is part eight of a series about Black communists in the Spanish Civil War. In the early 1930s the urban bourgeoisie (capitalists) of Spain, supported by most workers and many peasants, overthrew the violent, repressive monarchy to form a republic. In July 1936 the Spanish army, eventually commanded by Francisco Franco, later the fascist dictator, rebelled to reestablish the repressive monarchy. Hitlers Germany and Mussolini's Italy gave Franco massive military aid.

In 1936 the International Communist Movement, called the Comintern, headquartered in the Soviet Union and led by Joseph Stalin, organized volunteers, mainly workers from more than 60 countries into the International Brigades (IBs) to go to Spain to defend the Republic. Black workers, especially Black communists, emphasized the importance of fighting racism to win anything for the working class. And they brought this antiracist fightback with them when they returned to the United States. They were building a movement they hoped would lead to communist revolution around the world. They succeeded in organizing millions around communist ideas and practices. But the movement believed that uniting with liberal bosses to defend the Republic in Spain would further the fight for communism. This was part of the united front against fascism, which resulted in only fortifying the bosses system and laid the basis for the corruption of the old communist movement. 

In the Progressive Labor Party, we are against any unity with capitalists. They all have to go and the working class must rule: that's communism.

If the working class is to seize and hold state power throughout the world, Black workers’ leadership is essential. That is the only way our class can destroy racism, the lifeblood of capitalism. The following is a story of one such leader, Frank Alexander.

Frank Alexander was born of a white and indigenous mother and a Black father on the Omaha Sioux reservation on February 8, 1911. The indigenous people welcomed mixed marriages, which were illegal in most of the United States. He first moved in with his younger brother, Herschel, who was in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and lived in the home of the famous communist leader Mother Ella Reeves Bloor. 

A proud Black communist

Frank moved to Los Angeles, where he became active with the Communist Party, which he joined in 1931, at the age of 20. He said:

See, in those days, the Communist Party, and the YCL [Young Communist League], was a very popular body, especially in the Black communities. And so these guys had the respect of ... the community as a whole ... because of the struggles that they carried on.

Frank’s words debunk the idea that communism is somehow alien or irrelevant to Black workers. In fact, he was one of countless Black workers who joined the long fight for a communist world.

Organizing multiracial unity

He became involved in a Longshoremen’s strike in which the bosses hired Black workers as strikebreakers. 

And our idea was to discourage Black [workers] from going there as scabs and strikebreakers, despite the fact that at that time no Black [workers] were in the Longshoremen's Union at all, you see. [We] explained how it was the efforts of the bosses to separate people and in that way keep the wages down and use one group against the other. Eventually they were going to let the [Black workers] go, and they would hire the [white workers] back, and you knew that the white workers wouldn't want you in the shop if you had worked as a scab. So it was just a temporary thing, and the best thing you could do was to work with the white workers and try to educate them and fight for the rights of [Black workers] to get into the union.

‘Put me on the list!’

When the Spanish Civil War broke out, Frank volunteered to go to fight the fascists. 

… I just knew that I wanted to go to Spain when I heard about Spain … Because I told you that I'm the kind of person who wants to fight back, and I thought this was a way of really getting to the source. I thought the American people would learn much faster when America became involved in that struggle, that they would wise up to the problems that were here. So I figured that was the best way to show my support for what I believed in. So when they began to talk about sending guys over there, I said put me on the list.

In Spain, Frank Alexander was assigned to the Washington Battalion. After recovering from pneumonia, he was reassigned to the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion (Canadians) and appointed squad leader of a machine-gun company.

He was wounded twice during the fighting at Fuentes de Ebro (July – November 1938). Eager to continue fighting the fascists, Alexander "deserted" the hospital where he was recuperating to rejoin the XVth Brigade.

During the fighting at Teruel (Dec. 1937-Feb. 1938), Frank and his squad were ordered on a reconnaissance patrol near the enemy's lines but were caught in the open and cut down by long-range machine gun fire. Alexander was the only man to survive the sprint back to friendly lines.

During the retreats that followed the Nationalist's rapid advance in March and April 1938, Alexander found himself behind enemy lines. After several harrowing days, including a night perched in a tree directly above an Italian encampment, Alexander made it back across the Ebro into Republican territory. Alexander was with the Mac-Paps when they crossed the Ebro during the Republic's last offensive in July 1938. However, he was wounded shortly after the offensive began and he spent the remainder of his time in Spain in a hospital. Due to the severity of his wound, Alexander was left behind when the other Americans were withdrawn. He finally crossed the Pyrenees, together with thousands of Spanish refugees and, together with them, was imprisoned by French authorities in a hastily constructed concentration camp around Perpignan where he spent several weeks until a U.S. embassy official arranged his passage to the United States.

In 1939 Alexander married Lillian Perlowe, also a Communist Party (CP) member. Because inter-racial marriages were illegal in California, she had to register as “Negro.” During World War II Alexander served in the segregated U.S. Army with an all-Black Engineer Combat Battalion. 

After the war Alexander was a full-time Communist party functionary from 1948 to 1955. He chaired the Negro Commission of the Los Angeles Communist Party and was a member of the California state committee. During the McCarthy period, Alexander endured constant surveillance and harassment. He was indicted as one of the Los Angeles Twenty-One, a group of Communist Party members charged with conspiracy. Alexander was the chief liaison between the CPUSA and the indicted CP members. The charges against Alexander were subsequently dropped but not before he had served a short jail term.

Discouraged and confused like many other communists by class traitor Nikita Khrushchev’s attack on the communist leader Joseph Stalin, and then the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956, Alexander and his wife quit the CP. But he continued to support the struggle.

But I'll never be able to leave my philosophy. And I'll never be able to renege on the working class and whatever struggles they have … I still support the movement in every way that I possibly can since the late fifties … I was in every damn picket line about Korea or Vietnam that there was.

Fighters Frank Alexander is a testament to how communist ideas live on despite the betrayals of the old communist movement, and how the working class desperately needs the leadership of Black workers in the fight for communist revolution. 

Sources: 

The Volunteer, December 1976; 

Joseph Brandt, Black Americans in the Spanish Civil War Against Fascism; 

Cullum & Berch, African-Americans in the Spanish Civil War;

 The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives.