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    U.S. Terror Wars Have 215-Year History

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    01 March 2013 297 hits

    The U.S. capitalist state has a long history of a “war on terror” against the working class and any dissenters, going as far back as 1798 in President George Washington’s second term. That year four bills known as the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed to quell anyone favoring the French Revolution. Any “alien” who was a “danger to peace and safety or subject to a foreign power” are subjected to imprisonment. Newspapers were shut down and their editors arrested for publishing “any false, scandalous or malicious writing.”
    Two hundred and fifty years of black slavery were enforced by the government, North and South. The Fugitive Slave Act sent slaves who escaped to the North from Southern plantations back to slavery. Post-Civil War conditions were hardly better for ex-slaves who were terrorized by racist Ku Klux Klan vigilantes, segregated and denied basic rights by Southern state governments for another 100 years.
    From the 18th century on, the U.S. military enacted genocidal murder on millions of indigenous people of the U.S., driving them off their lands and restricting them to concentration camp-like reservations, which continue today.
    In 1886, Chicago cops killed protesters demonstrating for the 8-hour work day — following a general strike — and later hung four of its leaders. It was out of this strike that May Day was born, which PLP has been celebrating for the past 42 years.
    From 1918 to 1921, Attorney-General Mitchell Palmer launched an anti-communist crusade, carried out by incoming FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover. Amid a wave of post-World War I strikes, communists were blamed for all social ills. Without warrants, Palmer thugs raided and smashed union offices and the headquarters of communist and socialist organizations. As many as 10,000 were arrested. In December, 1919, 249 resident aliens were seized and put on a ship deporting them to the Soviet Union (then two years old). The crusade’s hysteria was exemplified by the imprisonment of a Connecticut clothing salesman for saying he thought “Lenin was smart.”
    Red-led Auto, Steel Workers Beat Back Bosses’ Attacks
    Fifteen years later, vigilantes organized by General Motors attempted to smash the then growing communist-led auto sit-down strikes. The National Guard was ordered out to surround the plants in an attempt to starve out the workers. But 40,000 workers from four states descended on Flint, Michigan, surrounding GM’s struck plants and forced the company to recognize the United Auto Workers Union and agree to a 40-hour week.
    May 30, 1937, saw the Republic Steel Memorial Day Massacre, when police shot at a crowd of 1,500 strikers marching peacefully on the company’s South Chicago plant. Ten workers were killed, shot in the back, and 90 others wounded. The workers eventually won union recognition.
    In June, 1940, Congress passed the Alien Registration Act — commonly known as the Smith Act — which made it a crime to belong to an organization that advocated overthrow of the U.S. government. Over 200 members of the Communist Party were indicted under its provisions and its entire leadership was convicted and jailed for from five to eight years.
    A Page from Hitler’s Book: Concentration Camps
    In 1941, the Roosevelt Administration seized hundreds of thousands of Japanese-Americans and put them in concentration camps for the entire four years of World War II as “suspected spies.” They lost their homes, farms, and small businesses.
    A decade later Congress passed the anti-communist Internal Security Act of 1950, the McCarran Act, mandating the fingerprinting and registration of all “subversives” in the U.S. and authorizing concentration camps “for emergency situations.” Six were constructed across the country.
    That same year Congress enacted the Subversive Activities Control and Emergency Detention Acts which required “communist organizations” to register with the U.S. Attorney General. It allowed detention of  “dangerous, disloyal or subversive persons during wartime or in an “internal security emergency.” Such citizens could be barred from entering or leaving the country. The bill was used to revoke Paul Robeson’s (pro-communist artist) passport, preventing him from traveling outside the U.S. to expose its racist apartheid system.
    During this period, Congress also passed two anti-communist, anti-labor laws. The Taft-Hartley and Landrum-Griffin Laws barred communists from holding union office even if elected by the rank and file. They instituted injunction clauses to prevent workers from striking upon contract expirations. They also made it more difficult to organize non-union shops and proved a bonanza for the bosses.
    Throughout this era, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) operated an all-out anti-communist witch-hunt, going from city to city to subpoena leftists and communists.
    When reds were asked if they were members of the Communist Party and when the latter refused to answer, citing the 5th Amendment “protection” against self-incrimination, this led to firing as well as jailing for “contempt of Congress.” But here is where HUAC met its match with PL and ultimately its demise.
    PL’ers Turn the Tables
    on the Anti-Communist
    Witch-hunters
    After members of the Progressive Labor Movement (PLM, forerunner of the Progressive Labor Party) had broken the government ban on travel to Cuba, in 1963 they were called before HUAC in Washington, DC, and asked the big question. They not only did not hide behind the 5th Amendment but shot back that they “were proud to be communists.” HUAC was dumfounded. CP members had never replied in this fashion. PL’ers turned the hearings into a political attack on HUAC, exposing the Kennedy Administration’s imperialist invasion of Vietnam. Pictures depicting this counter-attack were flashed across the front pages of newspapers across the country.
    After the 1964 Harlem Rebellion, a New York City Grand Jury was convened to try to prove that PLM had “incited a riot.” PL’ers refused to cooperate with the rich man’s Jury while mass pickets lined the streets outside the hearing rooms. Several PL members were cited for contempt for their non-cooperation and sentenced to continuous 30-day jail terms to force them to cooperate. They were held in the notorious Greenwhich Women’s House of Detention where they exposed the horrific conditions inside that jail while mass picket lines ringed the prison. The exposé led to the institution’s closing.
    In 1964, HUAC came to Buffalo, where PL had a base among steel, auto and other basic industrial workers, as well as in the colleges, the Committee tried to “expose” them in order to get them fired. But PL turned the tables on HUAC. In the hearings, members exposed them as fascists while outside PL organized mass demonstrations on the streets, including a broad spectrum of anti-racist, anti-fascist workers and professors. This had never happened at any of HUAC’s previous anti-communist forays. HUAC was literally run out of town and gradually faded from sight.
    From this base in Buffalo and with this counter-attack, PL showed that the bosses’ anti-communism can be challenged and defeated. It was out of such experiences that the Progressive Labor Party was born and to this day is the leading force against the terrorists in the U.S. ruling class, championing the fight for communism in the international working class.

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    ‘War on Terror’ — Part II: Mass Red Movement Can Defeat Rulers’ High-Tech Tyranny

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    01 March 2013 267 hits

    Part I  reviewed the ways U.S. rulers make their laws at will to suit their purposes, and use “illegal” methods to punish their opponents. Now they have new technologies to pursue their profit-making goods.


    Many of the techniques being used here have come to light since the Arab Spring. Protesters released records showing that Western — usually U.S. — companies had been marketing to the dictators a wide array of technology for snooping on people without the latter knowing it. There are “surveillance industry conferences” all around the world (Prague, Dubai, Brasilia, Washington DC, Kuala Lumpur).
    At the recent D.C. event, firms were selling products to enable a computer to snap a picture of who is using it and send the image to police; track hundreds of cell phones at once; read e-mails by the tens of thousands; use phony updates for iTunes to infiltrate phones/tablets/computers. When questioned, the firms’ response has been: we only sell to governments, and most of our customers are law enforcement agencies in the U.S.
    Journalists’ probes discovered that the firms have been pushing sales to smaller and smaller police departments; what was once done only by the Feds is becoming universal. Moreover, the firms are now actively selling to private detectives. Some of the worst techniques are legal for private eyes to use. They started with contested divorce cases, but now firms are buying the technology to keep tabs on workers.
    The main technique is to force internet service providers (ISP) and cell phone carriers to do the cops’ dirty work. An example: Egyptian rebels had been using Skype since they thought that wiretapping Skype is next to impossible. What they did not realize was that the secret police had required the ISP to let the cops install remote “keystroke-capture” software which let the cops learn the rebels’ passwords. The cops then listened in on every Skype conversation.
    ‘Stingrays’ and Mobile Phones
    For the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. military developed devices that are now in use in the U.S. The FBI has gone to great lengths to hide its widespread use of “stingrays” which locate a mobile phone even when it is not being used to make a call.
    The stingray is placed in a van which drives along mimicking a cell phone tower. Cell phones are constantly on the alert for the nearest cell phone tower, so when the phone detects the stingray, it connects just as it would to a tower. The stingray then measures how the strength of the signal changes as the van drives along, thereby pinpointing the phone’s location much more precisely than is possible with the records from the cell phone company.
    The FBI claims it gets (sealed) court orders to use stingrays, but it appears that cops in Minnesota, Arizona, Miami and Durham, NC use them.
    Twenty years ago, the British secretly developed very sophisticated license-plate readers to track the movement of IRA rebels. Their work at night, in the rain, for cars travelling at high speed, across four lanes of traffic. Then it quickly matches up the license plate with the car’s owner. Type in a license plate, and the system pulls up where that car has been.
    This system was developed for the “war on terror” but is now used routinely. The Washington Post reports that the 73 cameras in D.C. gather more than a million license-plate readings a month (in a city of 600,000 people), but they hope to greatly increase that by incorporating the hundreds of traffic-monitoring cameras into the system. As the Post put it, “there are no laws governing how or when the Washington area policy can use the tag reader technology.” License-plate readers are just one example of cameras being spread in public places under the guise of the “war on terror.”
    Communist Revolution Will Defeat Capitalist Technology
    Workers should not be fooled by “legalities.” Historically, ruling classes have made, changed or eliminated laws when it suits their purpose of maintaining their class dictatorship. The question of “legality” is merely the window-dressing of “democracy” that they use to hide that dictatorship. During crises, this window dressing comes down and the fascist core at the center of capitalism can clearly be seen.
    However, the news is not all bad. Each time the ruling class changes the rules or uses new technology to put down dissent, the working class fights back. Clever workers are developing ways to defeat each of the rulers’ new technologies, or even to turn it against the cops. We can be confident that the working class’s creativity is at work! However, the main way to defeat the cops’ snooping is to create such a large communist movement that the cops can’t follow us all. There is safety in numbers — yet another reason to redouble our efforts.
    Masses of workers in action, especially communist-led, have overcome the enemy in the past and will do so again.

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    Rulers Debate Obama’s Killer Drones But They All Make War on Workers

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    13 February 2013 259 hits

    President Barack Obama is facing a liberal backlash over his hardline national security policy, which critics say is more extreme and conservative than that pursued by George W. Bush (London Observer, 2/9/13).


    Obama was supposed to be the people’s savior but now is outdoing Bush. Why? Because the profit-driven U.S. ruling class needs to maintain its dominance over the world’s resources, especially oil and gas. Wider war is essential to their goal, “by any means necessary.” Enter drones and assassinations.
    Obama is stirring public opposition by openly claiming the right to assassinate some White House enemies and to imprison others indefinitely, anywhere in the world, based on secret information. Many were alarmed by the recently leaked InJustice Department memo that approved drone strikes on U.S. citizens linked to al Qaeda. Equally frightening was Obama’s choice of John Brennan to head the CIA. As homeland security advisor, Brennan has handed his boss a weekly drone “kill list.” There is also a growing movement against Obama’s 2012 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), which allows indefinite detention of suspects.
    But the liberal backlash led by Democratic politicians, imperialist think tanks and media millionaires won’t help our class or end Obama’s reign of terror. In reality, the uproar is aimed at improving the effectiveness of the murderous U.S. war machine. It also seeks to steer mass opinion down the dead end of following the bosses’ laws, as judged by the bosses’ courts.
    Legitimizing Mass Murder
    The liberals’ “solution” is for Congress to “create a special court to handle this sort of sensitive discussion” [on drones] (New York Times editorial, 2/6/13). To legitimize assassinations, the liberal Times demands a kangaroo court similar to the one that rubberstamps government wiretaps. That tribunal has yet to deny a single request by the FBI, the Pentagon or the CIA.
    Obama’s critics include the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), a foreign policy think tank bankrolled by the likes of Exxon Mobil, JP Morgan Chase and the Rockefellers. Drones, as currently deployed, could actually harm this faction’s effort to stabilize a tottering global empire based on control of oil. Last month the CFR published a report, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies.”  It warned:

    Drone strikes may be indirectly increasing the number of militants. [K]illing suspected militants or civilians leads to the marked radicalization of local populations….In Yemen, for example, in 2010 the Obama administration described al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) as encompassing ‘several hundred al-Qaeda members’…. By 2012, AQAP had ‘a few thousand members.’


    The CFR couldn’t care less about the 1,128 civilians incinerated so far by U.S. drones (Bureau of Investigative Journalism, London). But bad press may curtail the use of a “central component of U.S. counterterrorism operations for at least another decade.” As the organization noted:

    U.S. drone strikes are also widely opposed by the citizens of important allies, emerging powers, and the local populations in states where strikes occur. States polled reveal overwhelming opposition to U.S. drone strikes: Greece (90 percent), Egypt (89 percent), Turkey (81 percent), Spain (76 percent), Brazil (76 percent), Japan (75 percent), and Pakistan (83 percent).


    Drones’ Rain of Terror
    In addition to the outright murder of civilians, the drones rain down terror with their 24-hour-a-day reconnaissance flights. Inhabitants who see and hear these killers overhead live in constant dread of the next wave of “collateral” deaths. Adults fear to leave their houses. Children are scared to go to school. Families are too frightened to attend weddings or funerals. 


    ….the United States cannot conduct drone strikes in the most critical corners of the world by itself. Drone strikes require the tacit or overt support of host states or neighbors (CFR).


    Needing allies for the bigger wars to come, Rockefeller, Exxon Mobil & Co. urge Obama to shoot straighter and embrace “humanitarian” transparency for the inevitable “collateral damage.”

    The president of the United States should limit targeted killings to the leadership of al-Qaeda and affiliated forces and…provide information to the public, Congress, and UN special rapporteurs…on what procedures exist to prevent harm to civilians (CFR).

    By the time the Justice Department’s “okay-to-assassinate-citizens” memo broke, Democratic politicians had already digested the CFR’s prescriptions.  “It has to be in the agenda of this Congress to reconsider the scope of action of drones and use of deadly force by the United States around the world,” said Delaware senator Chris Coons (Associated Press, 2/6/13).
    To mislead well-meaning people opposed to Obama’s throw-away-the-key detention policy, the imperialists’ liberal front people propose futile lawsuits. On February 6, filmmaker Michael Moore, Daniel Ellsberg of Pentagon Papers fame and former NYT foreign correspondent Chris Hedges held a well-publicized forum in New York. It focused on building support for Hedges’ lawsuit against Obama’s NDAA 2012.
    The Government Accountability Project (GAP) was a main organizer of the gathering. GAP cashes checks from both the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the next-generation Rockefeller Family Fund. The latter’s website says it supports GAP “because their mission fits perfectly with our understanding of the connections between transparency, accountability, and a well-functioning democracy.” This family and its allies reap trillions from U.S. Middle East oil wars, which have murdered millions. They hope to channel mass anger at the slaughter into a lawsuit.
    Liberal Rulers Still Main Danger
    Despite the backlash against Obama from the liberal ruling class who back him, these forces remain more dangerous than the more openly fascist conservatives or neo-con rulers. Liberal bosses hide behind a “democratic” mask and use it to develop a more populist appeal. They don’t oppose drones; they want to govern their use to make them more palatable to the working class. Meanwhile, they’re re-tooling their war machine to confront their imperialist rivals in China and Russia. Capitalist-run courts to supervise assassinations won’t slow U.S. war-making any more than lawsuits against rulers in the legal system they control.
    Nor should the racist aspect of this butchery be overlooked. Drones drop their lethal bombs on Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, not on Europe or North America. Racist attacks are business as usual for U.S. rulers. Consider the routine police tactics, from stop-and-frisk assaults to murder, that single out the overwhelmingly black and Latino workers and youth in every big city in the U.S. As a direct result, these groups compose 70 percent of the country’s 2.4 million prison population.
    But neither drones nor Special Forces will solve the U.S. bosses’ military problems. Only larger standing armies can fill their needs in the wider wars they’re planning and the next world war to come. (See CHALLENGE editorial, 2/13, on women in combat.)
    Only Communist Leadership Can Kill KKKapitalism
    History shows that a robust anti-war movement depends solely on the working class, which suffers the most and has nothing to gain in the bosses’ endless conflicts. During the U.S. Vietnam Genocide, the Progressive Labor Party built a base in factories, on campuses, in the military and in neighborhoods. We exposed and militantly attacked the local bosses’ ties to the war-making capitalists. Hundreds of thousands joined the rallies, marches and strikes we helped to lead.
    We put fear into U.S. capitalists, but not enough. Wars persist because the profit system survives. Only a society free of bosses and profits — and therefore of racism, sexism and war — can enable our class to lead a decent existence. To truly succeed, anti-war workers must be organized in a mass Party with a long-term, revolutionary communist outlook to destroy capitalism. They must be organized within PLP.
    This is the message we must bring to our activities in the shops and unions, the schools and campuses, the barracks and communities. The life of the working class is at stake.

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    Parents, Students Unite With Workers: Bus Strikers on the March!

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    13 February 2013 286 hits

    NEW YORK CITY, February 10 — Today, thousands of angry striking workers, members of the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU), took over the Brooklyn Bridge, insisting that the city and billionaire Mayor Bloomberg listen to their demands. The large and spirited march showed what CHALLENGE has been reporting from the beginning, that the school bus drivers and matrons are fiercely determined to make their stand in what they see as a life-and-death struggle for survival and dignity.
    They have been facing freezing weather, constant attacks from the media and the latest indignation, threatened denial of food stamps to those who need them. Yet despite all this, and the remnants of the recent blizzard, thousands marched today.
    The mis-leadership in this strike is becoming increasingly apparent. Union officials provided no sound system to speak of, although groups of workers did their best to fire up the crowd and lead chants. The spirit was amazing as everyone helped each other navigate the ice and slush from Brooklyn.
    When workers finally reached the Manhattan side, they had to endure speeches by politicians, preachers and union hacks. Even worse, one key speaker proclaimed, “We think Mayor Bloomberg has a heart.” Well, we think not, and nor do the strikers. Not with schools and hospitals closing and billionaire Bloomberg trying to bust the union in order to drive down wages even more. One of the picketline chants is “What’s disgusting? Union busting? Who’s disgusting? Bloomberg’s disgusting!” At the picket lines, one will see rank-and-file leadership, but rarely one of the local misleaders.
    Why is this happening now?
    Throughout the U.S., workers are facing sharp attacks on their living standards. As CHALLENGE has often said, this is due to U.S. capitalists; (1) seeking to maintain their profits in a world of increasing international capitalist competition; (2) needing to prepare a war chest; and (3) constantly driving for maximum profits.
    For school bus workers this explains why Bloomberg and the bus owners want to scrap the EPP contract provision that protects job security and pay scales for drivers and matrons (attendants). Both groups of workers have an eight-year wage progression from starting to top pay — $14/hr. to $29/hr. for drivers and $9/hr. to $15/hr for matrons.
    Loss of EPP would mean that a company bidding for bus routes could hire new workers at starting pay to replace senior workers. This would drive down wages, end the long-term employment of school bus workers and end any long-standing relationship between them and the families who count on them to safely transport their children, many of whom are handicapped and have strong ties with these workers.
    Solidarity with Parents and Students
    One striker explained how he notifies parents along his route if he was delayed. He said he doesn’t want them to have to wait in bad weather until the bus arrived. We suggested that he also call parents to explain the reasons for the strike and ask for their support. Strikers reaching out to the parents, not only picketing the bus depots, can help build solidarity and win the strike.
    The support of high school students has also been important. PL’ers have been bringing various student organizations to the picket line every week, which has been invaluable. Students are learning more about the class struggle. Some workers told us they feel much more hopeful when they see the next generation coming out to the lines instead of playing video games or hanging out. We’re getting a taste of building unity between parents, teachers, students and the strikers.
    Union Leaders Selling Out the Rank and File
    From the beginning, strikers have welcomed us to their picket lines. They understand that support from other unions, students, parents and community groups is important to their struggle. They even added a chant, “Thank you...for your support,” which also goes out to the many passing trucks, cars and NYC transit busses which “honk” their solidarity.
    The ATU leadership has done little to marshal this kind of support. On Groundhog Day at the Staten Island Zoo, they called for a rally but had no plan to leaflet the many parents who came that day. Highly-paid union functionaries don’t want to challenge the capitalist system that allows them to live more like bosses than the workers they are supposed to represent. In fact, New York’s Central Labor Council called for a “cooling off” period which would have ended the strike without resolving the job security/pay scale issues.
    Racism: Bosses’ Tool to Divide and Conquer
    A large percentage of the drivers and matrons are black and Latino. Many are immigrants from the English- and Creole-speaking Caribbean as well as from Europe. We see real multiracial unity on the picket lines. Many strikers act like a family, taking care and helping each other through the bad weather and the long hours of picket duty.
    It’s important to point out the racist nature of the bosses’ union-busting attack. The unity of this multiracial group of strikers is setting an example to all workers citywide. They are very clear about the fact that eventually all the workers in the city will be facing a similar attack. The city bosses don’t want other unions and workers to come out to see this example of militancy and show their support.
    What Is Winning?
    Other workers throughout the city have been truly inspired by this relatively small group of workers who have drawn the line in the sand and have refused to back down. But as long as the bosses who own the corporations and run the government, courts, and cops and have the union misleaders in their back pockets, they have the power to take away any gains  that we workers may win. However, by taking a stand and fighting back in sharp class struggle, and  building unity of the entire working class, with communist ideas this strike can become a “school for communism.” It can provide a glimpse into what a world run by and for the workers would be like!

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    Class War Needed vs. Racist Bosses’ Hospital Closings

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    13 February 2013 349 hits

    Brooklyn , NY, February 8 — “Healthcare, Not Profit Care!” rang out in downtown Brooklyn as around 100 nurses and other hospital workers picketed demanding that Long Island College Hospital (LICH) and Interfaith Hospitals remain open. The day before, hundreds of nurses, patients, doctors and community people had angrily confronted the State University of New York (SUNY) Board of Trustees to fight the closing of LICH.  At the end of the demonstration word came down that the Trustees had just voted to close LICH. Hearing this, picketers chanted even louder.
    Those who read CHALLENGE regularly may know that about a year and a half ago, SUNY Downstate, a state hospital in Brooklyn, took over the failing LICH, setting up a private corporation called Stafco to employ workers there so they could not get state benefits. Six months later, sometime-hedge fund mogul, Stephen Berger, heading up New York Governor Cuomo’s Medicaid Redesign Team, suggested that Downstate campus close and be consolidated into LICH. Workers have been fighting since then to save Downstate, which sees 400,000 patients a year, including 40,000 Emergency Room (ER) visits.
    In the last month, Downstate president John Williams, backed by Berger and State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli, suddenly announced plans to close LICH instead, whose ER sees 50,000 patients per year. Most of its inpatients are black and Latino with hardly any medical insurance. Overall, the closure could start by closing the ER within days.
    Some workers at Downstate mistakenly think the closing of LICH is a victory in our fight to keep Downstate open. Some workers at LICH mistakenly argue that Downstate should be the one to close.  A large Manhattan health enterprise called Continuum bled LICH dry for 15 years and then was ready to close it. They should be fighting together — against the bosses — for more and better healthcare and jobs, not less and worse.
    But since Downstate seemed to be doing alright until it took over LICH and its debts, it appears that shedding LICH is the solution. This is so especially since Continuum continues to profit by keeping a stranglehold on LICH’s billing and laboratories.
    Increasingly hospitals are being squeezed by changes in reimbursement and loss of government support for care of workers without health insurance or the means to pay.  These cuts stem directly from the massive investment the U. S. bosses make in war in the Middle East. The Affordable Care Act may make things even worse. That is why Mount Sinai has opened an outpatient facility in affluent Brooklyn Heights (near LICH) siphoning off patients (stealing market share). Inner-city hospitals in particular, because they rely on Medicaid and Medicare payments are faring the worst. The bosses have basically decided to let these hospitals sink or swim. When they sink because of racism, black and Latino workers who already have the worst health will suffer disproportionately.
    We hospital workers and patients should not accept the Berger/Williams/Cuomo  capitalist “reality.” All of us should unite to fight the closing of LICH, Interfaith, Downstate and any other safety-net hospital. The Cuomo plan for Brooklyn will mean that people having asthma attacks, heart attacks and strokes in Red Hook and other LICH-served areas will have to be taken much further for emergency care — life or death!
    Cuomo/Berger/Williams are  declaring war on the health of the Brooklyn working class. We should be on a war footing in our struggle against them. Business-as-usual that our union leaders offer is not enough. We are fighting to have strikes, sit-downs, occupations, led by workers and patients as part of our fight-back plan. The struggles continues.

    1. Workers, Students Unite vs. Racist Columbia U.
    2. Battle Privatizing SF City College: Bosses Seek Profits from Education Industry
    3. DC Transit Workers Indict Bosses’ New Jim Crow
    4. Racist Capitalism Killed Ramarley Graham

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